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Inheritance tax planning

Five states tax an inheritance for deaths in 2026, and what you inherit can produce taxable income later. In inheritance tax planning we settle four facts before documents or distributions close off your options: where the decedent lived, who receives what, which assets move and when ownership changes.

Inheritance tax basics

  • The inheritance itself is not federal income. What the asset earns afterward is, under IRS Publication 559.

  • Five states tax the transfer for deaths in 2026: Kentucky, Maryland, Nebraska, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The rate depends on the beneficiary’s relationship to the decedent.

  • Do the review before you retitle an asset, make a large gift, fund a trust or distribute an estate; a completed transfer cannot be undone for tax.

Inheritance tax vs estate tax vs income tax

A state charges inheritance tax on what each beneficiary receives, at a rate set by that person’s relationship to the decedent. An estate tax is charged on the estate before anything reaches the beneficiaries; Maryland charges both. In inheritance tax planning we check which state can tax each asset, since each state’s right to tax depends on where the decedent lived and where the asset is located.

The inheritance itself is not income, but the interest, rent and dividends it earns are, and so are withdrawals from an inherited traditional IRA, which the decedent never paid tax on. Inherited property takes a basis equal to its value at the date of death, so a sale soon afterward produces little gain; our inherited property sale guide covers the basis rules.

Inheritance tax, estate tax and income tax compared

Inheritance taxEstate taxIncome tax
Who paysThe beneficiary, under state lawThe estate, before distributionThe estate, trust or beneficiary that receives the income
What sets the amountThe state, the relationship, the asset and its valueThe estate’s value under federal or state rulesThe type of income, its timing and the basis
First document to reviewWill, trust, beneficiary schedule, title recordsAsset inventory, valuations, prior gifts, estate documentsForms 1099 and K-1, account statements, sale records
Next stepMap the state exposure by beneficiaryConfirm the filing scope with the estate teamClassify the income before filing or selling

Which states have an inheritance tax in 2026

Five states, for deaths in 2026. Rates and exemptions are from each state’s revenue department, checked October 7, 2026.

StateExempt heirsTaxed heirs and 2026 rate
KentuckySpouse, parents, children, grandchildren, siblingsNieces, nephews, aunts, uncles and in-laws 4% to 16% above $1,000; everyone else 6% to 16% above $500
MarylandSpouse, children and other descendants and their spouses, parents, grandparents, siblingsEveryone else 10%
NebraskaAnyone under 22Siblings and descendants 1% above $100,000; remote relatives 11% above $40,000; everyone else 15% above $25,000
New JerseySpouse, civil union or domestic partner, children, grandchildren, parents, grandparentsSiblings and sons- and daughters-in-law 11% to 16% above $25,000; everyone else 15% to 16%
PennsylvaniaSpouse, and a child aged 21 or underChildren and other lineal heirs 4.5%, siblings 12%, everyone else 15%, from the first dollar

Get inheritance tax advice for your state

Send the decedent’s state and the list of beneficiaries, and we tell you who owes tax and at what rate.

Inheritance tax planning in four steps

  1. Step 01. Map the facts.

    Where the decedent lived, where any real property is located, each beneficiary and their relationship, and the accounts, business interests and foreign assets involved. The beneficiary’s own state does not set the tax.

  2. Step 02. Separate the taxes.

    State inheritance tax, federal or state estate tax, the estate’s or trust’s income tax, and the beneficiary’s income tax, each assigned to the person who pays it.

  3. Step 03. Test the options.

    Beneficiary choices, lifetime gifts, trust funding, charitable gifts and liquidity, each measured for control, basis, income tax and reporting together.

  4. Step 04. Document the handoff.

    Attorney, executor, trustee, appraiser and tax preparer work from one fact set, with a named person to value the assets, file, pay and keep the records.

Iowa inheritance tax repeal

Iowa charges no inheritance tax on deaths on or after January 1, 2025 (Iowa Department of Revenue). For a death before that date, the old Iowa rates still apply and we review them separately.

How to avoid inheritance taxes legally

  • USE THE EXEMPT CLASSES

    How to avoid inheritance taxes starts with who inherits: each state exempts some relationships entirely, and a change of beneficiary has to match the owner’s wishes.

  • MODEL GIFTS AND TRUSTS

    A lifetime gift or trust changes who owns the asset and when it leaves the estate, and with it the owner’s control, access, basis and income tax. We model the result before an attorney changes documents or title; no gift or trust removes the tax on its own.

  • PLAN THE CASH

    We set out who pays, when, and which assets cover it without a forced sale, then carry the plan into estate and trust compliance once the legal documents are signed.

Pennsylvania inheritance tax worked example

$300,000 passing under Pennsylvania law in 2026, before the $3,500 family exemption and any deductions.

BeneficiaryRateTax
Surviving spouse0%$0
Child aged 21 or under0%$0
Adult child4.5%$13,500
Sibling12%$36,000
Niece, nephew or friend15%$45,000
  1. State

    Where did the decedent live? Where is real property located?

  2. Beneficiary

    Who receives each asset? What is the relationship?

  3. Asset

    Cash, property, retirement account, business, trust or foreign asset?

  4. Action

    Confirm the exemption, valuation, filing, cash and who is responsible

You've already paid tax on this money when you are earning it actively, and then all of a sudden it gets taxed again when it goes to your child or your grandchild or whoever it's going to. So proper estate planning is very important.

George Dimov, CPA

I highly recommend Dimov Tax for their swift, professional service and deep expertise. The team is fantastic at explaining tax options clearly and providing kind, thorough support. An excellent choice for both startup founders and individual taxpayers!

Kamila Staryga, CEO and co-founderRita Health

Inheritance tax review cost factors

We set the quote from these factors:

  • How many states are involved, since each sets its own rules
  • How many beneficiaries and relationship classes
  • Whether a business interest or foreign asset is involved
  • Whether we model gifts and trusts as well as the current plan
  • Whether the estate also files its income tax return with us

One state, one class of beneficiary, and an estate of cash and a home is at the light end. These are the factors, not a quote.

Book an inheritance tax consultation

Send the states involved, a list of who receives what, an asset summary, the estate documents and any expected transfer or sale dates. Inheritance tax advice starts with a paid consultation: we identify the tax questions, mark what belongs with legal counsel and send a written scope before any inheritance tax planning work. Our consultation options are set out in advance.