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TFRP Defense

Trust Fund Recovery Penalty

Build your defense before the interview. Tell us where your case stands and we will confirm your exposure, identify who is genuinely at risk, and tell you what to do before the Form 4180 interview.

Form 4180 representation
All 50 states
Trust Fund Recovery Penalty
Personal Liability

100% of unpaid trust fund taxes can be assessed against you personally.

Survives the business. Survives bankruptcy. Direct CPA representation from interview through appeal.

TL;DR

  • The trust fund recovery penalty lets the IRS collect unpaid payroll taxes directly from individuals, not just the business.
  • It applies to anyone deemed a responsible person who willfully failed to remit withheld taxes.
  • The penalty equals 100 percent of the unpaid trust fund taxes. It survives bankruptcy and business closure.

Most tax problems stay with the entity. A corporation owes a balance, pays or disputes it, and the owners move on. The trust fund recovery penalty does not work that way.

When a business withholds income tax, Social Security, and Medicare from paychecks but never sends it to the IRS, that money was held in trust. It belonged to the employees and the Treasury. The penalty is 100 percent of the unpaid trust fund taxes, assessed personally, and it does not go away when the business closes, restructures, or files for bankruptcy.

Common Defenses Against the TFRP

Four defenses, each technical and time-bound. Most cases combine more than one.

01

Challenge Responsible-Person Status

Show the person lacked real authority — using job descriptions, signature cards, board minutes, and the actual mechanics of who approved disbursements. Title is not the test; control is.

02

Challenge Willfulness

Reasonable delegation to a competent professional, with active monitoring, is a defense. Blind delegation is not. The line is whether the person knew, or should have known, that the taxes were not being paid.

03

Allocate Payments Correctly

Designate partial payments toward trust fund taxes so they reduce the personal exposure. Without designation, the IRS applies payments to the non-trust portion first, leaving the personal liability intact.

04

Challenge the Underlying Liability

If the employment tax assessment itself is wrong, the error flows into the trust fund number. Sometimes the strongest case is upstream of the responsibility analysis.

How a Trust Fund Penalty Case Unfolds

1

Exposure analysis

We pull IRS transcripts, confirm the trust fund amount separately from the employer share, and identify who is genuinely at risk before anyone walks into an interview.

2

Form 4180 interview & Letter 1153

We represent you through the Form 4180 interview, where the IRS decides who had authority. When Letter 1153 issues, we use the 60-day appeal window — that is where the defense is built.

3

Build defense, appeal, resolve

We assemble the responsibility, willfulness, allocation, or liability arguments that fit the facts; carry the appeal; and coordinate any payment arrangement with the broader resolution.

Why Businesses Trust Dimov Tax

CPA-led representation, licensed to stand in front of the IRS on your behalf — not advice from the sidelines.

$1.5B+
in tax savings identified for clients
63%
of clients return year after year
70+
tax and financial services under one roof
15+ yrs
of senior experience per engagement

What Affects the Cost of a TFRP Case

Trust fund recovery penalty work is priced by scope, not a flat rate. The main factors are how far the investigation has progressed, the number of individuals potentially assessed, whether the case is at interview, appeal, or post-assessment, and whether business resolution and personal defense are both in play.

We scope the work to where the case stands and quote it directly. If an investigation has begun, act before the Form 4180 interview, not after. Once an assessment issues, the options narrow.

Know where your personal exposure stands before the IRS decides. If an investigation has started, we will tell you quickly who is at risk and how to respond. Confidential, no obligation.
100%
of unpaid trust fund taxes — assessed personally

Why Bankruptcy Does Not Erase the Trust Fund Penalty

A common misconception is that bankruptcy ends the penalty. It does not. A business bankruptcy halts collection against the company but not the IRS's ability to assess and collect the trust fund penalty from individuals. It was built to survive the entity's dissolution.

Personal bankruptcy rarely helps either, since these penalties are generally nondischargeable — in the same category as fraud penalties. The trust fund recovery penalty is one of the few IRS tools that can follow a person out of a failed business and into their next one.

60 days
The Letter 1153 appeal window — where the defense is built
Nondischargeable
TFRP assessments survive both business and personal bankruptcy

Source: Internal Revenue Code §6672; IRS Form 4180 and Letter 1153 procedures

Who TFRP Help Is For

A good fit if you:

  • Have received notice of a trust fund recovery penalty investigation
  • Are about to face a Form 4180 interview
  • Received Letter 1153 and are inside the 60-day appeal window
  • Have delinquent payroll periods that have not yet drawn IRS attention
  • Want a structural review while there is nothing yet to fix

If an investigation has begun, act before the Form 4180 interview, not after. This pairs naturally with our payroll tax compliance and any payroll tax resolution in motion.

Schedule a TFRP Consultation

Talk to Dimov Tax about your payroll tax history, who had financial authority, and where the exposure sits. The time to handle payroll tax exposure is before the letter arrives, but if it has already arrived, the next move still matters.

Confidential, no obligation. A CPA can stand in front of the IRS on your behalf.

Reviewed by George Dimov, CPA

Founder of Dimov Tax

15+ years advising businesses on payroll tax, multi-state compliance, and IRS resolution.